STUDY QUESTIONS
Immune System
Answers are provided below
each question
1. Which class of antibodies is abundant in body
secretions?
A. IgM B. IgA C. IgG D. IgE E. IgD.
MATCHING: (Items A through D may be used
more than once.)
A. Delayed hypersensitivity B. immediate
hypersensitivity C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
2. B lymphocytes are involved. 3. IgE antibodies are involved. 4. Contact dermatitis, such as to poison ivy 5. Occurs within a period of 1 to 3 days 6. Fibroblasts involved 7. T lymphocytes are involved 8. Therapy - corticosteroids, such as cortisone 9. Allergic reactions, hay fever and asthma 10. Therapy - antihistamines and adrenergic drugs 11. An example of passive immunity 12. The antigens are called allergens.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
13. In response to endotoxins released by certain
bacteria, leukocytes may release:
A. antibodies B. interferon C. antigens D. haptens E. endogenous pyrogens.
14. Mast cell secretion during an immediate
hypersensitivity reaction is stimulated when antigens combine with antibodies.
A. IgG B. IgE C. IgM D. IgA E. none of the
preceding.
15. Active immunity may be produced by:
A. contracting a disease B. receiving a vaccine C. receiving gamma globulin injection D. both A and B E. both B and C.
16. B- lymphocytes combat bacterial and viral
infections by secreting antibodies into the blood and lymph, providing what type
of immunity?
A. humoral B. nonspecific C. antigenic D.
cell-mediated E. none of the preceding.
MATCH THE CELL TYPE WITH ITS SECRETION.
A. killer T cells B. mast ceils C. plasma
cells D. macrophages
21. Antibody molecules are composed of ____
chains and ____ light chains
A. one /one B. one/two C. two / one D. two /
two E. two / three.
22. A transplant between individuals belonging to
different species is called a(n):
A. homograft B. xenograft C. isograft D.
autograft
23. A new-boom infant who receives IgA from its
mother's milk develops:
A. naturally acquired active immunity B. artificially acquired active immunity C. naturally acquired passive immunity D. artificially acquired passive immunity.
24. Which of the following is not true of the
spleen?
A. it consists of red and white pulp B. afferent lymphatic vessels enter on the convex side C. it destroys old, and fragile red blood cells D. located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavil
25. Antibodies belong to a group of proteins
called:
A. albumins B. complement C. interferons D.
alpha globulins E. none of the preceding.
26. Helper and suppressor T lymphocytes:
A. attack invaders directly B. help regulate the specific immune system C. activate thymosin D. may specialize into memory and plasma cells, respective!
27. Examples of immediate hypersensitivity are:
A. conjunctivitus B. allergic rhinitis C.
allergic asthma D. atopic dermatitis E. all of the preceding
TRUE OR FALSE: True=A False=B
28. The graft least likely to be successful is the isograft
29. Large lymphatic nodes located in the wall of the ileum are called Peyer's
patches 30. The tonsillar ring consists of the lingual, palatine, and pharyngeal tonsils 31. The thymus gland gradually enlarges after puberty 32. Poison ivy and poison oak can cause contact dermatitis 33. Oncology is the study of allergies 34. In an autoimmune disease, the immune system fails to recognize and tolerate
self-antigens 35. In the study of allergies, antibodies are often called allergens 36. Interferons are polypeptides 37. Macrophages in the connective tissues are derived from neutrophils
MULTIPLE CHOICE
38) Which statement regarding blood cells is correct: A) all blood cells originate in red bone marrow B) red bone marrow is the primary source of all blood cells except mast
cells and macrophage C) most types of leukocytes appear in equal amounts in the blood D) erythrocytes are produced in red marrow while leukocytes are produced
primarily in lymph nodes E) erythrocytes produce erythropoetin which stimulates leukocyte production
39) Which of the following are organs where activation of T and B cells
usually occurs: A) bone marrow B) thymus C) lymph nodes D) lymph vessels E) all of the above
40) Lymph fluid is returned into general circulation by draining into the: A) superior vena cava B) azygos and hemiazygos veins C) cisterna chyli D) subclavian veins E) left atrium
41) Nonspecific immunity includes all of the following except: A) immunoglobulin B) complement C) interferons D) neutrophils E) lysozyme
42) The most abundant immunoglobulin type found in blood is: A) IgA B) IgD C) IgG D) IgM E) IgY
43) Which of the following are most numerous in blood: A) lymphocytes B) neutrophils C) monocytes D) mast cells E) eosinophils
44) What is the role of complement in the body's defense: A) it interferes with viral replication B) it is involved with antibody production C) it aids in antigen presentation D) it causes cell lysis E) it reduces inflammatory processes
45) The necessity of expressing most antigens in the context of MHC
to initiate specific immune responses is termed: A) immune surveillance B) clonal selection C) MHC-restriction D) MHC-presentation E) tissue typing
46) Which of the following is not a difference between IgG and IgM: A) IgM is a pentamer while IgG is a monomer B) IgM is found in lower amounts in serum C) IgG can cross the placenta, IgM usually does not D) IgG has two antigen-binding sites, IgM has ten E) IgG is formed early during the primary response, IgM is formed later
47) Which of the following organs is most essential for proper immune
maturation and functioning: A) spleen B) liver C) thyroid D) thymus E) lymph nodes
48) IgA deficiency is the most common immunoglobin deficiency, affecting
about 1 in 800 persons. Typically, normal levels of other immunoglobulins
are observed such that a lack of IgA is usually the only mesurable immune
deficit in those patients. It is a genetic disorder resulting in a lack of
IgA production and, though it has no cure, treatments generally involve
controlling any associated infections that may occur as a result of this
specific immune deficiency. Which of the following would probably NOT be a
disease that individuals with IgA deficiency would be susceptible to: A) recurring bacterial sinus infections B) chronic helminth parasitic infections C) chronic pulmonary infections D) gastrointestinal infections E) frequent tonsilitis
49) Which of the following cell types can be infected by HIV: A) B-cells B) T-helper cells C) macrophages
D) glial cells E) all of the above
50) Corticosteriods (such as prednisone) are commonly prescribed drugs
for certain immune-related disorders. Immunosuppresive drugs like this and
others may decrease the severity of symptoms of all of the following except: A) graft-versus-host reaction B) systemic lupus erythematosus C) myasthenia gravis D) Type-I hypersensitivity reactions E) AIDS
51) Which of the following statements is false: "For almost every
foreign antigen you may encounter...": A) ...a subset of B-cells
already exists in your body specific to it. B) ...a subset of T-helper cells
already exists in your body that
expresses a T-cell receptor specific to it. C) ...a subset of phagocytes
already exists in your body that
phagocytizes only that antigen. D) ...a subset of antigen-specific antibodies
already exists, but are
not yet produced in large numbers. E) ...a subset of antigen-specific memory cells can be produced upon
exposure to that antigen.
52) Which of the following is a cytokine produced by T-cells that acts
mainly to activate B-cells to proliferate: A) Interleukin 1 B) Interleukin 4 C) Interleukin 10 D) Interleukin 12 E) Interferon gamma
T lymphocytes gain immunocompetence in the:
Thymus
Thymus for T-helper cells and Bone marrow for T-killer cells
Thymus for T-killer cells and Bone marrow for T-helper cells
Bone marrow
Antigen challenge usually occurs in the:
Spleen and thymus
Spleen and bone marrow
Lymph nodes and thymus
Spleen and lymph nodes
Lymph nodes and bone marrow
Consider the following: Plasma cells secrete antibodies and have a
very well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
This statement is true
This statement is false because plasma cells do not secrete
antibodies
This statement is fasle because plasma cells have a very
well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum
This statement is false because plasma cells have a very
well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
Vaccinations are an example of:
Naturally-acquired active immunity
Artificially-acquired active immunity
Naturally-acquired passive immunity
Artificially-acquired passive immunity
Only _______ and ________ are able to activate complement.
IgG and IgA
IgG and IgE
IgG and IgM
IgG and IgD
____________________ are activated by antigen fragments complexed with
MHC I proteins.
CD8 T cells
CD4 T cells
CD8 B cells
CD4 B cells
An endocardial cell from the mitral valve of the heart would be exepcted
to exhibit:
Class I MHC proteins
Class II MHC proteins
Class III MHC proteins
None of the above
Which of the following antibodies is able to confer natural passive
immunity?
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
The formation of an antigen-antibody complex can lead to:
Agglutination
Neutralization
Activation of complement
a. I and II only
b. II and III only
c. I and III only
d. I, II, and III
A single IgA dimer can bind _____ antigens.
An example of a primary lymphoid organ in humans is the:
Thyroid
Bursa of Fabricius
Thymus
Pancreas
2 of the above are correct
Macrophages are examples of:
Antibody-secreting T lymphocytes
Antigen-presenting cells
Activated plasma cells
All of the above
Which of the following are involved in B cell activation?
Antigen
T-helper cell
Cytokine
All of the above
An IgG antibody and an IgM antibody that both bind to the same antigen
will differ in their:
Constant regions
Variable regions
Residual regions
All of the above
Perforins, lymphotoxins, and tumor necrosis factor are all released by:
T-helper cells
T-suppressor cells
T-killer cells
All of the above
True or False: The lag time of the secondary immune response is
greater than the lag time of the primary immune response.
If Clare has no T-helper cells, she would have:
Impaired cell-mediated immunity
Impaired antibody-mediated immunity
Both a and b
Which of the following is true of lysozyme?
It's an enzyme that phagocytoses bacteria
It's often found in secretions that also contain IgA antibodies
It's found in saliva but not in lachrymal fluid
It plays a large role in specific immunity
Which of the following are not phagocytes?
Dust cells
Eosinophils
Microglia
Mast cells
Plasma cells
Interferons:
Are released by cells that are NOT infected by a virus
Cause nearby cells to synthesize a protein which inhibits protein
production
Are NOT released by B lymphocytes
Are only released by cardiac muscle cells
73) An infection results when pathogens _____.
A)
enter a tissue area
B)
enter the blood
C)
grow
and multiply
D)
grow
and cause damage
74) The fact that humans usually cannot contract a monkey pneumonia is
explained by the theory of _____.
A)
mechanical barriers
B)
enzyme action
C)
interferon
D)
species resistance
75) A nonspecific class of chemicals that can inhibit viruses and cancer
cell growth is _____.
A)
antibodies
B)
peptides
C)
interferon
D)
antigens
76) Which of the following is not an enzyme capable of destroying
foreign bacteria?
A)
pepsin
B)
fibrin
C)
lysozyme
D)
lipase
77) The following are symptoms of inflammation except which one?
A)
edema
B)
hyperemia
C)
exudate
D)
dehydration
78) Which inflammatory response provides the greatest protection from
the spread of pathogens?
A)
antibody production
B)
increase in leukocytes
C)
fibroblast activity
D)
redness and edema
79) The major pathologic feature of inflammation is _____.
A)
fibroblast activity
B)
capillary permeability
C)
increase in blood
D)
loss
of function
80) What is the main inflammatory blood cell?
A)
monocyte
B)
neutrophil
C)
lymphocyte
D)
eosinophil
81) Which of these does not belong with the others?
A)
monocytes
B)
neutrophils
C)
macrophage
D)
histiocytes
82) Which of the following is a specific immune defense?
A)
antibody
B)
interferon
C)
phagocytosis
D)
all
of these
83) Thymus derived lymphocytes comprise about _____% of the circulating
lymphocytes.
A)
99
B)
10
C)
50
D)
75
84) Where are the greatest number of B cells found?
A)
lymph node
B)
circulating blood
C)
bone
marrow
D)
lymph vessel
85) Antigens are foreign substances recognized by _____.
A)
macrophages
B)
T
cells
C)
B
cells
D)
all
of these
86) Which of the following could not be antigenic by themselves?
A)
protein
B)
polysaccharides
C)
haptens
D)
glycolipids
87) Cell-mediated immunity is mainly a function of _____.
A)
B
cells
B)
T
cells
C)
macrophages
D)
neutrophils
88) Which of the following activates the cytotoxic T cells?
A)
interferon
B)
interleukin-1
C)
interleukin-2
D)
interleukin-4
89) Which factor stimulates B cell proliferation?
A)
interleukin-1
B)
interleukin-2
C)
gamma-interferon
D)
CSF
90) Which factor activates phagocytosis by monocytes?
A)
cytokine
B)
gamma-interferon
C)
interleukin-4
D)
lymphokine
91) T cells may produce _____, which is lethal to the target cells
invaded by a pathogen.
A)
interleukin-2
B)
perforin
C)
interferon
D)
interleukin-3
92) Humoral immunity is mediated by the _____.
A)
monocytes
B)
T
cells
C)
B
cells
D)
neutrophils
93) The specific source of antibodies is the _____.
A)
B
cell
B)
T
cell
C)
macrophage
D)
plasma cell
94) Agammaglobinemia will seriously impair which ability?
A)
CMI
B)
T
cell functions
C)
antibody production
D)
phagocytosis
95) The heavy chains of an immunoglobulin differ by having _____.
A)
fewer lipids
B)
more
amino acids
C)
more
antigen sites
D)
more
sulfur atoms
96) Most of the circulating antibodies are derived from _____ class
immunoglobulin.
A)
A
B)
E
C)
G
D)
D
97) The cross reaction that occurs between incompatible blood types is
caused by _____ antibodies.
A)
G
B)
M
C)
A
D)
E
98) Which is the most common immunoglobulin for allergies?
A)
IgA
B)
IgE
C)
IgD
D)
IgG
99) Erythrocytes clump together because of a _____ process.
A)
clotting
B)
agglutination
C)
complement
D)
precipitin
100) Which of the following processes can be initiated by any type of
antibody fixation?
A)
complement
B)
neutralization
C)
lysis phenomena
D)
antibodies
101) The process which increases the chance of a neutrophil or monocyte
engulfing an invader is _____.
A)
phagocytosis
B)
neutralization
C)
complement fixation
D)
opsonization
102) Tumors are most likely inactivated by _____ cells.
A)
B
B)
helper T
C)
cytotoxic T
D)
suppressor T
103) The increase in antibody levels in a second antigen exposure is due
to the _____.
A)
memory B cell
B)
T
cells
C)
helper T cells
D)
B
clones
104) A vaccination is an example of _____ immunity.
A)
naturally acquired active
B)
artificially acquired active
C)
artificially acquired passive
D)
naturally acquired passive
105) Artificially acquired passive immunity could be the result of _____
injection.
A)
antigen
B)
toxoid
C)
gamma globulin
D)
cortisone
106) Naturally acquired passive immunity results from _____.
A)
a
bee sting
B)
immunization
C)
a
flu shot
D)
placental transfer
107) AIDS is caused by viruses that specifically invade _____.
A)
the
liver
B)
B
cells
C)
T
cells
D)
neutrophils
108) Purified protein derivative is used to screen for _____.
A)
AIDS
B)
leukemia
C)
tuberculosis
D)
syphilis
109) Which of the following cause the symptoms of an immediate allergy
reaction?
A)
B
cells
B)
T
cells
C)
mast
cells
D)
neutrophils
110) Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid
gland?
A)
Graves disease
B)
SLE
C)
scleroderma
D)
rheumatoid arthritis
111) Which of these is not a non-specific defense mechanism?
A)
bacteria
B)
stomach pH
C)
antibodies
D)
skin
sebaceous glands
112) The most numerous and main cell in the inflammatory response is the
_____.
A)
macrophage
B)
neutrophil
C)
monocyte
D)
basophil
113) Substances called _____ can stimulate cells to produce proteins
that block the replication of viruses.
A)
antibodies
B)
interferons
C)
complement system
D)
histamines
114) What is the role of the
thymus in protecting the body against disease?
A)
It
houses decaying lymphocytes, recycling the nutrients within
them.
B)
It
is the site of maturation of T lymphocytes and the production of
thymosin.
C)
It
is the site of production and maturation of B lymphocytes.
D)
Macrophages and monocytes are produced here and migrate to other
tissues of the body.
115) Select the statement that
is true about the spleen.
A)
The
spleen filters the lymph much the same way the lymph nodes
filter the blood.
B)
The
spleen harbors eosinophils waiting for parasites to attack the
body.
C)
The
spleen is the major site of red and white blood cell production
in the adult.
D)
The
spleen filters the blood much the same way the lymph nodes
filter the lymph.
116) Which of these is not a
nonspecific defense against disease.
A)
species resistance
B)
phagocytosis
C)
interferon
D)
hair
color and texture
117) Why do tissues swell
during inflammation?
A)
Tissues swell during inflammation because of the volume of
bacteria present in the wound.
B)
Tissues swell during inflammation because of the number of blood
cells attacking the bacteria.
C)
Tissues swell during inflammation because the increased
permeability of capillaries causes fluids to accumulate in the
area.
D)
Tissues swell during inflammation only because of pus
accumulation.
118) Where are B lymphocytes
believed to mature in adult humans?
A)
Bursa of Fabricus
B)
bone
marrow
C)
compact bone
D)
liver
119) What traits characterize
antigens?
A)
Antigens may be proteins, polysaccharides, glycolipids, or
glycoproteins that stimulate an immune response.
B)
Antigens come only from foreign microorganisms.
C)
Antigens are immunoglobulins the body produces in response to
exposure to foreign organisms.
D)
Antigens are proteins that stimulate an immune response.
120) Which of the following
molecules is not generally produced by T cells and macrophages?
A)
growth-inhibiting factors
B)
cytokines
C)
colony-stimulating factors
D)
tissue thromboplastin
121) How are B cells activated?
A)
B
cell is activated when it encounters an antigen that matches its
B cell receptors and receives cytokines from helper T cells.
B)
B
cells are activated when they encounter their twin T cell
component.
C)
B
cells are activated when red blood cells release cytokines.
D)
B
cells are activated when their matching antibodies attach to
their surfaces and macrophages release cytokines.
122) Which type of
immunoglobulin molecule is passed on to nursing infants in breast milk?
A)
IgG
B)
IgM
C)
IgA
D)
IgE
123) Antibodies interact with
antigens in all of these ways except _______________.
A)
opsonization
B)
attracting macrophages to the area (chemotaxis)
C)
releasing interferon
D)
agglutination
124) Vaccines generally confer
what type of immunity?
A)
artificially acquired passive immunity
B)
artificially acquired active immunity
C)
naturally acquired passive immunity
D)
naturally acquired active immunity
125) Tears contain lysozyme enzymes that can destroy bacteria.
A)
True
B)
False
126) Inflammation is a nonspecific defense mechanism that is
caused by any cell damage.
A)
True
B)
False
127) Mucous membranes provide a barrier to infection mainly
because of their phagocytic properties.
A)
True
B)
False
128) A macrophage could belong to the lymphatic and
reticuloendothelial systems at the same time.
A)
True
B)
False
129) All phagocytes belong to the nonspecific mechanisms of
defense.
A)
True
B)
False
130) The origin of the B cells is the bone marrow.
A)
True
B)
False
131) A clone is a group of cells with identical genetic
properties.
A)
True
B)
False
132) The area designated the constant region of the
immunoglobulin will bind to the antigen.
A)
True
B)
False
133) Immunoglobulin E can produce allergic or inflammatory
reactions that are life threatening.
A)
True
B)
False
134) B cells usually require the presence of some activating
factor before they can recognize an antigen.
A)
True
B)
False
135) Neutralizing antibodies cause antigens to lose their toxic
properties.
A)
True
B)
False
136) T cells produce factors that stimulate the activity of other
cells including B cells.
A)
True
B)
False
137) The delayed reaction allergy to a chemical is mediated by
the B cell system.
A)
True
B)
False
138) The HIV viruses cause death from conditions such as
pneumonia.
A)
True
B)
False
139) Immunosuppressive drugs can be used to suppress the
histocompatibility complex reaction in a tissue organ or graft
rejection.
A)
True
B)
False
140) SLE is an autoimmune disease that attacks body tissues
because of a T cell activation.