STUDY QUESTIONS
Reproductive System
Answers are provided below

1. The human ovum and spermatozoon are similar in that:

A. about the same number of each is produced each month
B. they have the same degree of motility
C. they are about the same size
D. they have the same number of chromosomes
E. none of the above.

2. Spermiogenesis involves:

A. the formation of spermatozoa from spermatogonia
B. the movement of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract
C. the formation of primordial or primitive reproductive cells in the yolk sac membrane
D. the transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa
E. the movement of spermatozoa from the epididymis into the ejaculatory duct.

3. During early and middle fetal life, the testes are located in the:

A. inguinal canal
B. abdominal cavity
C. pelvic cavity
D. scrotal

4. Inflammation of the seminiferous tubules could interfere with the ability to:

A. make semen alkaline
B. secrete testosterone
C. produce spermatozoa
D. eliminate urine from the bladder
E. all of the preceding.

5. The mitochondria in mature sperm cells are located in the:

A. head of the sperm
B. body (middle piece) of the sperm
C. acrosome of the sperm
D. tail (flagellum) of the sperm
E. mature sperm do not have mitochondria.

6. The movement of spermatozoa, from the epididymal duct, and seminal fluid into the ejaculatory duct and the urethra is called and is under control.

A. ejaculation / parasympathetic
B. emigration / parasympathetic
C. erection / parasympathetic
D. emission / sympathetic

7. Prostaglandins within the seminal fluid are thought to:

A. cause ovulation
B. decrease sperm motility
C. stimulate muscular contractions within the uterus
D. stimulate the vestibular (Bartholin's) glands to produce mucus

8. Which of the following is not paired in the male?

A. epididymis
B. ejaculatory duct
C. urethra
D. ductus deferens (vas deferens)
E. all the preceding structures are paired in the male.

9. At birth, the ovaries of a newborn girl contain about _____ gamete-producing cells called _____

A. 10 million / oogonia
B. 2 million / primary oocytes
C. 400,000 / primary oocytes
D. 40,000 / Sertoli cells
E. 50 million / primary follicles.

MATCHING: Match the following cell types with the corresponding chromosome complement. That is, is the cell haploid or diploid? (NOTE; If the cell is haploid use an "A", if diploid use a "B".)

10. Spermatozoon.
11. Secondary spermatocyte
12. Spermatogonium
13. Spermatid
14. Primary spermatocyte
15. Secondary oocyte
16. Second polar body
17. First polar body
18. Primary oocyte

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best answer.

19. The onset of menstruation at puberty is referred to as:

A. menopause
B. menorhagia
C. menarche
D. amenorrhea
E. dysmenorrhea.

20. During the ovarian cycle, ovulation occurs

A. during the period of menstrual flow
B. during sexual intercourse
C. when estrogen levels are very low
D. when the corpus luteum degenerates
E. during the surge in LH and FSH concentration.

21. In the menstrual cycle, the menstrual phase or menses, usually occurs between day ____ and day ____ of the cycle.

A.(25 and 28)
B.(1 and 5)
C. (13 and l5)
D. (20 and 25)

22. The secretory phase of the endometrium corresponds to which of the following ovarian phases?

A. follicular phase
B. ovulation
C. luteal phase
D. menstrual phase.

23. Which of the following is shed as menses?

A. the perimetrial layer
B. the fibrous layer
C. the functional layer
D. the basal layer
E. the myometrial layer.

24. The dominant hormone controlling the proliferative phase of the uterine endometrium is:

A. estrogen
B. FSH
C. LH
D. progesterone
E. hCG

25. A woman with a typical 28-day menstrual cycle is most likely to become pregnant as a result of sexual intercourse on days:

A. 1 - 3
B. 5-8
C. 12-15
D. 22-24
E. 24-28.

26. A polar body is formed:

A. before fertilization
B. after fertilization
C. answers A and B.

27. The cervix is a portion of the:

A. vulva
B. vagina
C. uterus
D. uterine (fallopian) tubes.

28. The female structures that correspond (are homologous) to the scrotum of the male are the:

A. labia minora
B. labia majora
C. clitoris
D. urethral folds
E. answers A and C.

MATCHING. (Note: Items A through C may be used more than once.)

A. Testes
B. ovaries
C. uterus

29. Ovariectomy
30. Hysterectomy
31. Oophorectomy
32. Orchiectomy (Orchidectomy)

CASE STUDY
A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would: (NOTE: For a yes answer use an "A", for a no answer, use a "B")

33. Develop secondary sex characters
34. Be sterile
35. Have improper functioning of the testicular interstitial cells.

COMPLETION

  1. The main hormone released by the corpus luteum is ______________.
  2. The hormone that acts on Leydig cells is __________________.
  3. _________________ is the main hormone produced by granulosa cells.
  4. True or False: The cremaster muscles actively regulate the number of sperm made on a daily basis.
  5. Human egg and sperm are similar in that:
    1. About the same number are produced per month
    2. They have the same degree of motility
    3. They have the same number of chromosomes
    4. They are about the same size
  6. The testosterone-producing cells of the testes are called:
    1. Sertoli cells
    2. Granulosa cells
    3. Spermatogonia
    4. Leydig cells
  7. The testicular cells most involved with the construction of the blood-testes barrier are the:
    1. Sertoli cells
    2. Granulosa cells
    3. Spermatogonia
    4. Leydig cells
  8. The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the ____________________.
  9. The anterior pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation is:
  10. The external sac enclosing the testes is the ___________________.
  11. ___________ is the release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary.
  12. The corpora cavernosa are(n):
  13. The female homologue of the scrotum is the ________________.
  14. Ejaculation is a _______________ response whereas erection is a ______________ response.

    MULTIPLE CHOICE
     

  15. An oocyte surrounded by one layer of squamous follicle-like cells is most likely a:
    1. Primordial follicle
    2. Primary follicle
    3. Secondary follicle
    4. Graafian follicle
  16. An antrum is characteristic of _____________ follicles.
    1. Secondary
    2. Graafian
    3. Primary
    4. Primary, secondary, and Graafian
    5. Secondary and Graafian
  17. The rounded region of the uterus superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes is the:
    1. Ampulla
    2. Fundus
    3. Corpus
    4. Isthmus
    5. Superior flexure
  18. Primary oocytes are:
    1. Haploid
    2. Diploid
    3. Polyploid
    4. Aneuploid
  19. Consider the following 3 tubes. Which is the correct order sperm travels through them.
    1. Epididymis
    2. Oviduct
    3. Ejaculatory Duct
    1. 1,3,2
    2. 3,1,2
    3. 2,1,3
    4. 2,3,1

    20. COMPLETION
     

  20. During menstruation, the stratum _____________ is sloughed off.
  21. True or False: Days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle is the proliferative phase.
    22. MULTIPLE CHOICE
     
  22. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone which negatively feeds back and inhibits the release of:
    1. ABP and ICSH
    2. LH and ICSH
    3. LH and FSH
    4. FSH and TSH
  23. Which of the following is correct relative to the female anatomy?
    1. The vaginal orifice is the most dorsal of the 3 openings in the perineum
    2. The urethra is between the vaginal orifice and the anus
    3. The anus is between vaginal orifice and the urethra
    4. The urethra is the more ventral of the 2 openings in the vulva
  24. Sertoli cells produce:
    1. Mucus
    2. Androgen-binding protein
    3. Testosterone
    4. FSH
    5. FSH
  25. Spermatogenesis BEGINS in the:
    1. Epididymis
    2. Uterine horn
    3. Rete testes
    4. Seminiferous tubules
    5. Seminal vesicles
  26. The site of oogenesis is the:
    1. Ovary
    2. Ovum
    3. Oocyte
    4. Oviduct
    5. Ovarian lacunae
  27. In the 1st phase of the menstrual cycle:
    1. Oogonia differentiate into primary oocytes
    2. About 20 secondary oocytes begin to enlarge
    3. The Graafian follicle ruptures
    4. The dominant follicle is opsonized
  28. During ovulation, all of the following occur EXCEPT:
    1. Rupture of the Graafian follicle
    2. Estrogen production reaches its nadir
    3. FSH and LH production become very high
    4. Corpus luteum is formed
  29.  Sertoli cells produce:
         a. mucus
         b. androgen-binding protein (ABP)
         c. testosterone
         d. FSH and LH
       
     
  30.  The site of oogenesis is the:
         a. ovary
         b. ovum
         c. fallopian tube
         d. uterus
       
     
  31.  In the first phase of the menstrual cycle:
         a. oogonia differentiate into primary oocytes
         b. about 20 secondary oocytes begin to enlarge
         c. the Graafian follicle ruptures
         d. the dominant follicle gobbles up all other oocytes
       
     
  32.  During ovulation all of the following occur EXCEPT:
         a. rupture of the Graafian follicle
         b. estrogen production is very low
         c. FSH and LH production is high
         d. formation of the corpus luteum